Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of growth period traits and plant height traits in soybean recombinant inbred lines from Dongnong 47 × PI 317334-B

High and stable yield is the main goal of soybean genetic improvement. In this study, association analysis was used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the plant height, and soybean growth period using 182 SSR markers in the RIL population of 136 F_4:8 lines, which developed from a cross between photoperiod-insensitive cultivar ‘Dongnong 47’ and photoperiod-sensitive variety PI317334–B. The results showed that 33 QTLs related to soybean growth period and plant height traits were detected by compound interval mapping, and were located on 12 linkage groups including N, C1, C2, J, D1a, B2, E, G, A2, O, L, I, with the contribution rate of 7.85–33.84%. These QTL loci and linkage markers related to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, would be helpful to identify key genes that control soybean photoperiod sensitivity, and provide an important basis for the breeding of new photoperiod-insensitive soybean varieties based on molecular design breeding.     

徽县烤烟新品种适应性研究

为筛选出适宜徽县烟区生态条件的烤烟新品种,在徽县烟区以秦烟96为对照,对2个烤烟品种云烟99、云烟100的生物学性状、抗病性、经济性状、外观质量进行了观察分析。试验结果表明,云烟99经济性状表现最好,产值(51829.93元/hm^2)和均价(22.83元/kg)最高;株型为腰鼓型,主脉稍粗,大田生长势强、整齐一致,分层落黄好,性状稳定,易烘烤,原烟外观质量好;较对照的发病率和病情指数低,抗病性较强。初步确定云烟99适宜在徽县烟区推广种植。     

Nitrogen fertilization affects yields and storage compound contents in seeds of field-grown soybeans cv Enrei (Glycine max. L) and its super-nodulating mutant En-b0-1 through changing N2 fixation activity of the plants

ABSTRACT

We compared the protein and oil contents, seed yields, and natural abundance of ¹⁵N (σ¹⁵N) of seeds from the plants of the cultivar Enrei, which has moderate nodulating ability (Enrei) with those of its two near-isogenic lines (NILs), a super-nodulating genotype of Enrei, i.e., En-b0-1, and a non-nodulating genotype of Enrei, i.e., En1282. Plants of these three genotypes were grown on four types of field plots with different types of urea coated slow-release nitrogen (N) fertilizers (CUSLNFs) which delivered N in different manners during plant growth . The seed yield of the En1282 plants was similar to that of the Enrei plants but much greater than that of the En-b0-1 plants when the plants were grown on the field to which a CUSLNF with a long lifespan was applied. The amounts of protein per seed were positively correlated with those of oil per seed in the case of En1282 plants irrespective of the field N conditions. The seed protein contents were proportional to the seed weight in both En1282 and Enrei plants. Such a relationship was not observed in the En-b0-1 plants, and the protein and oil contents in the seeds of En-b0-1 plants were negatively correlated with each other. These observations suggested that the N supply to maturing seeds was a key to the protein contents in the En1282 and Enrei plants and that the C supply to maturing seeds was a key to the protein contents in the En-b0-1 plants. The comparison of the σ¹⁵N values, protein contents, and seed yields of seeds from En1282 plants suggested that the Enrei plants assimilated considerable amounts of N from the soil during the late plant growth. We concluded that high N₂ fixation activity depressed the amounts of oil per seed and changed the protein and oil contents in soybean seeds.     

新时代下农业教育的创新模式研究

我党十九大指出:农业、农村、农民问题关系到我国民生之本，解决好“三农”问题是全党重中 之重。在农业人才资源下滑时代下，大力发展农业教育，为农业、农村经济发展提供应用型人才，是解 决“三农”问题的关键。对此，文本着重分析新时代下农业教育问题，提出新时代下农业教育创新模式 路径。     

黄淮和长江中下游冬麦区小麦品种(系)农艺性状及其聚类分析

气候变暖对我国乃至世界小麦育种和生产有很大影响。为了研究我国不同生态麦区小麦品种(系)农艺性状适应气候变化调控机理,本研究以黄淮冬麦区北片和南片及长江中下游冬麦区的20个当前大面积推的小麦品种、新审定品种和新选育品系为试验材料,在黄淮冬麦区北片河北省石家庄市种植,在返青期前对其抗旱抗冻性、根冠比和叶片干重与鲜重比进行调查;收获后对株高、穗长、穗下节间长、分蘖数、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株生物量、单株粒重、经济系数等10个农艺性状进行了考种和相关、聚类和主成分分析。结果表明,不同麦区小麦品种(系)苗期的抗旱抗冻性为黄淮冬麦区北片黄淮冬麦区南片长江中下游冬麦区。三大生态麦区的单株粒重与分蘖数、穗粒数、单株生物量、经济系数均呈极显著正相关,黄淮冬麦区南片和长江中下游冬麦区呈显著和极显著的农艺性状相对较多,说明这两个生态麦区的品种有很大的相似性;但不同生态麦区其他农艺性状正负相关各有一定差异。在欧氏距离20处,20个小麦品种(系)被聚类为长江中下游冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区南片品种(系)(第Ⅰ类)及黄淮冬麦区北片品种(系)(第Ⅱ类)两个大的生态型;在欧氏距离6处,Ⅰ类又分为分别以‘百农207’‘济麦22’和‘西农979’为代表的3个亚类,Ⅱ类是以‘长旱58’为代表。产量、穗长、株高和经济系数4个主成分因子对10个农艺性状表现型变异累计贡献率为76.39%。‘济麦22’等黄淮冬麦区北片的品种(系)综合得分在前20株中占95%。以上研究结果为小麦适应气候变暖育种和引种示范推广提供了重要参考信息。     

城镇化发展中的小城镇特色建设问题研究

集中发展小城镇是我国城镇化发展的一个重要选择。当前我国小城镇特色建设面临着特色挖掘不突出、特色彰显能力弱、基础设施公共服务功能弱、创新精神不足以及缺乏活力等问题。小城镇特色建设必须坚持以适合人民生活为宗旨，以大中城市周边合理布局为基础并注重乡土重建，充分发挥原住民在小城镇特色挖掘上的主体作用，注重通过创新精神去激活发展动力，在保护和开发并重的前提下发挥政府搭建平台、城镇居民共同参与、开发资本“走进来”的三方协同作用来加强小城镇特色建设。     

乡村振兴背景下游客重游休闲农场影响因素研究

实施乡村振兴战略，是党的十九大做出的重大决策部署，乡村振兴战略重点强调发展休闲农 业的重要性。发展休闲农业有利于发展农村新产业生态新模式，有利于农民就近就地创业，有利于改 善农村人居环境。乡村拥有自然生态景观，兼具生活、生产、工艺、文化等多功能结合的发展地，与城 镇互促互进、共生共存，共同构成人类活动的主要空间。     

水稻复合农艺性状QTL剖析

为了解水稻复合性状的数量性状基因座(QTL),在利用单片段代换系进行QTL鉴定的基础上,剖析了水稻株高QTL与主茎高和穗长QTL,主茎高与倒一节间长、倒二节间长、倒三节间长和倒四及以下节间长QTL,谷粒长宽比QTL与粒长和粒宽QTL,每穗粒数QTL与一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数QTL的关系。结果表明:鉴定出株高QTL的6个单片段代换系中有4个只检测出了主茎高QTL,其加性效应百分率为86.00%～99.55%,有1个只检测出了穗长QTL,其加性效应百分率为48.31%,有1个同时检测出了主茎高QTL和穗长QTL,其中主茎高QTL的加性效应百分率为81.72%,穗长QTL加性效应百分率为18.28%;在检测出主茎高QTL的7个单片段代换系中,有1个只检测出倒一节间长QTL,有2个只检测出倒二节间长QTL,有2个检测出倒一节间长QTL和倒二节间长QTL,有2个只检测出倒三节间长QTL;不同的单片段代换系中检测出的节间长的QTL加性效应百分率变化范围为-128.62%～172.07%;7个检测出谷粒长宽比QTL的单片段代换系中,有5个只检测出粒长QTL,1个只检测出粒宽QTL,1个同时检测出了粒长QTL和粒宽QTL;检测出每穗粒数QTL的3个单片段代换系中,有2个只检测出二次枝梗数的QTL,有1个同时检测出一次枝梗数QTL和二次枝梗数的QTL。这些结果表明,代换片段中如能检出复合性状QTL,也可以检出其构成性状QTL;复合性状QTL的加性效应的大部分可由其构成性状QTL的综合效应来解析,但相同的复合性状,不同代换片段检出的构成性状QTL不同。     

新农科背景下《生物统计学与试验设计》教学模式改革

《生物统计学与试验设计》是种子科学与工程专业重要的专业基础课和专业主干课,是一门实践性较强的工具性学科,在教学过程中,逐步建立了以培养新型农林人才为目标的课程教学体系,教学方法多元化、重视实践教学、强化过程性考核,对学生实践能力的培养收到较好的教学效果。     

塔里木盆地南缘新垦农田土壤性状变化及其与小麦产量的关系

以塔里木盆地南缘不同年限新垦农田(10年、20年、30年、40年、50年)为研究对象,以未开垦的荒漠自然土壤为对照,测定0―40cm土层有机质、养分、盐碱等土壤性状,探讨了新垦农田土壤肥力和盐碱变化及其对小麦产量的影响。结果表明:随开垦年限延长,0―20,20―40cm土层有机质含量均呈线性增加,但后者变化幅度相对较小。在0―40cm土层,全氮、有效氮和速效钾含量随时间延长的变化均与有机质含量呈极显著正相关,开垦50年时分别增加88.8%,213.4%,37.5%;有效磷含量在开垦前30年呈线性增加而后又降低,开垦50年时比开垦前增加1201.2%。荒漠自然土壤(0年)是以Na+和Cl-为主的轻度盐渍化土壤,开垦为农田后总盐分含量显著下降,且不同年限间差异不明显,在0―40cm土层平均为0.8g/kg,离子累积转变为以Na+和HCO3-为主。土壤pH在开垦30年(pH为8.85)时比开垦前增加13.4%,之后又显著下降,pH变化与CO32-和K+累积呈显著正相关。新垦农田小麦产量平均为4.79 t/hm^2,与土壤有机质、养分、盐分含量和pH均不相关,但与Na+、Cl-含量均呈显著负相关。综上,随开垦时间延长绿洲农田土壤肥力和盐渍化程度已得到明显改善,但0―40cm土层Na+和Cl-含量却是影响新垦绿洲小麦产量的主要土壤因子。因此,培肥农田土壤,采取有效措施降低Na+和Cl-含量,并防止其再次升高是实现绿洲小麦稳产高产的关键。